The Living Breakwaters are designed to reduce the risks of storm wave attack and long-term erosion hazards threaten the health, safety, quality of life, and sustained existence of the waterfront neighborhoods of Tottenville, Conference House Park, and the historic and ecological resources it contains. This layout was refined through the process of design and computer modeling, where scenarios were iteratively developed, modeled to evaluate impacts on shoreline change and storm wave attenuation, and the results analyzed to help inform the design refinement and optimize the design to reduce or reverse erosion (grow beach) and reduce coastal storm risk through wave attenuation. In addition to the breakwaters themselves, the design includes a limited, strategic, one-time placement of shoreline restoration that will add needed sediment to the system and provide initial protection to the most vulnerable stretch of beach as the breakwaters work over time to accrete beach elsewhere. and will include approximately 2,400 linear feet of breakwaters located between 790 and 1,800 feet from shore and in water depths of between two-and-10 feet below mean low water (NAVD88).
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The breakwater system consists of a series of nine ecologically enhanced breakwater segments. Each segment was individually designed to contribute to the overall system and achieve the desired performance. The Living Breakwaters function as a system of elements that work together to reduce risk and enhance habitat in the Raritan Bay. Without these natural systems, the shore of Staten Island remains exposed to wave action and coastal erosion and lacking this rich environmental resource. Today, the Raritan Bay lacks not only the oysters, but the complex habitat their reefs provided and the species richness and biodiversity that they supported. Over time, due to siltation, overharvesting, channel dredging, and human pathogens in the water, the once abundant oyster reef collapsed. Historically known as “The Town the Oyster Built,” Tottenville was once protected by a wide shelf and series of oyster reefs, which in turn supported a robust oyster farming industry. Much of the shoreline has also experienced ongoing erosion over the last 35 years in many locations, erosion rates average more than one foot per year and in one area of Conference House Park, they reach an average rate of more than three feet per year, leaving the area increasingly vulnerable. Tottenville, a community at the southernmost point of Staten Island, experienced some of the most destructive waves in the region. The driving wave action battered the coastline, damaging or destroying an unprecedented number of Staten Island homes and businesses, resulting in loss of life and significant harm to the local economy.
In October 2012, Superstorm Sandy devastated Staten Island’s east and south shore neighborhoods.
As a result, New York State has been allocated $60 million of CDBG-DR funds to help implement the project along the Tottenville section of the South Shore of Staten Island. The Staten Island Living Breakwaters Project which proposed a layered resiliency approach to promote risk reduction through erosion prevention, wave energy attenuation, and enhancement of ecosystems and social resiliency, was one of the selected projects. In June 2014, following a year-long community-based design process during which the design teams met regional experts, including government entities, elected officials, issue-based organizations, local groups and individuals, HUD announced the winning proposals. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) launched Rebuild by Design (RBD), a competition to respond to Superstorm Sandy’s devastation in the northeast region of the United States and promote a design-led approach to proactive planning for long-term resilience and climate change adaptation The winning proposal would be implemented using Community Development Block Grant Disaster Recovery (CDBG-DR) funding as well as funding from the State of New York.
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